In 2023, the expected average duration of working life for 15-year-olds in the EU was 36.9 years. However, the expected average duration of working life varied broadly among EU countries.
In 2023, some of the durations in the EU exceeded 40 years. The highest were recorded in the Netherlands (43.7 years), Sweden (43.1 years) and Denmark (41.3 years). By contrast, the lowest working life durations were recorded in Romania (32.2 years), Italy (32.9 years) and Croatia (34.0 years).
Longer working lives for men than women on average
For men, the expected duration of working life was on average 39.0 years in the EU, with the longest durations recorded in the Netherlands (45.7 years), Sweden (44.1 years), Denmark and Ireland (both 42.8 years), and the shortest in Croatia (35.4), Bulgaria and Romania (both 35.6 years).
For women, the average duration of working life in the EU was 34.7 years, with the longest durations recorded in Sweden (41.9 years), followed by the Netherlands and Estonia (both 41.5 years), with the shortest in Italy (28.3 years), Romania (28.5 years) and Greece (30.6 years).
Since 2013, the expected average duration of working life steadily increased in the EU. Then it declined for the first time in 2020 linked to the COVID-19 health crisis (from 34.7 years in 2013 to 35.9 years in 2019, then down to 35.6 years in 2020). In 2021, it came back to its pre-pandemic level.
Source: Eurostat
